Review Videos Extra Credit Assignment

Paul Andersen is an amazing AP Environmental Science teacher. In fact, in 2011 he was one of the four finalists for national teacher of the year. His series of APES review videos are fantastic.

Assignment: Watch any one of the videos, take notes and then write a summary.

Length Requirement: at least half of a page of notes and a one-paragraph summary. You are encouraged to go beyond the minimum requirement. In preparing for the exam, you will get out of your studies what you put into them. So, don't be lazy. The test is on Monday May 2nd and you want to be prepared.

How much extra credit?
10 points per video notes/summary. There are 28 videos; you are welcome to complete notes/summaries for all of the videos. Use your mock exam diagnostic guide to decide which videos to watch. Due: Friday April 29th

--> Click here to see the entire video playlist.

The 11th Hour

https://vimeo.com/10588445

11th Hour from langster58 on Vimeo.

Water Resources Video Summaries

Instructions: On the TOP-right corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write your name, the class, the period, and the date. On the TOP-left corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write the name of this assignment "Water Resources Video Summaries". This needs to be in the TOP margin at the top of the paper, not in the lined portion.
Also, write the title of each video as a heading above each summary.

Part 1- Write a one-paragraph summary for each video.

1) The Water Cycle

2) The Ogallala Aquifer

3) Sierra Nevada Snow Pack & Snow Melt

4) Los Angeles & Water Imports

5) Dead Trees & Dirty Water In The Rockies

6) Baltimore's Urban Streams

7) Nutrient Loading In Lake Erie

Part 2- Write a one-paragraph summary for each video.

Colorado River America's Most Endangered River 2013

Bringing Back the Colorado River Delta - 2013 | The New York Times

Part 3- Write a three-paragraph summary following video.

Colorado Water Supply

Part 4 Write a one-paragraph summary for each video.

NASA Discovering dead zones in the oceans and lakes

Dead Zones Come Alive in the Gulf of Mexico

Sustainable Agriculture Article Summary

Due Thursday March 3rd

Assignment: Read the Scientific American article Sustainable Agriculture and write a 1.5 to 2.0 page summary.

Instructions: On the TOP-right corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write your name, the class, the period, and the date. On the TOP-left corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write the name of this assignment "Sustainable Agriculture: Article Summary". This needs to be in the TOP margin at the top of the paper, not in the lined portion.

The PDF is embedded in a frame below, if you would like to download the PDF, click the following link. --> Scientific American: Sustainable Agriculture

Climate Change Infographic: Example

Begin your post by summarizing your infographic in 1-2 concise paragraphs. You can adjust the width of your infographic using the code generator at Piktochart. While the example below is incomplete, this page should give you an idea of how your post should be laid out.

Air Pollution- Article Summary & Synthesis Assignment

Due Monday February 22nd

Instructions: On the TOP-right corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write your name, the class, the period, and the date. On the TOP-left corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write the name of this assignment "Air Pollution- Article Summary & Synthesis Assignment". This needs to be in the TOP margin at the top of the paper, not in the lined portion.

Part 1- Air Pollution Summary- Read the following article “Study: Air pollution kills 3.3 million worldwide, may double” and write a 2-3 paragraph summary. 

http://bigstory.ap.org/urn:publicid:ap.org:4462d06c50c44fc0a97e642527927997

Part 2- Beijing & New Delhi Air Pollution Synthesis- Read the following articles “Beijing continues to suffer from pollution, but Delhi's air quality is one-and-a-half times worse” and “Beijing’s Bad Air Would Be Step Up for Smoggy Delhi” then write a 1-page synthesis.

http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/beijing-pollution-smog-air-quality-environment-delhi-india-china-a6768611.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/26/world/asia/beijings-air-would-be-step-up-for-smoggy-delhi.html?_r=1

Part 3- Acid Rain- Read the following article “China Takes First Steps In the Fight Against Acid Rain” and write a 1-page summary. 

http://e360.yale.edu/feature/china_takes_first_steps_in_the_fight_against_acid_rain/2333/

Part 4- Extra Credit (40 points)- Read the following articles “Beijing to Shut All Major Coal Power Plants to Cut Pollution” and “China to Halt New Coal Mine Approvals Amid Pollution Fight” then write a 1-page synthesis. 

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-24/beijing-to-close-all-major-coal-power-plants-to-curb-pollution

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-12-30/china-to-suspend-new-coal-mine-approvals-amid-pollution-fight

ANWR- Blog Assignment

Assignment: This is a three part assignment. You will watch a National Geographic Explorer episode (& write a summary), read a Scientific American article (& write a summary), and use the Internet to find an up-to-date article about drilling in ANWR (& write a summary).

If you are a junior and were absent from class because you attended Challenge Day, you will need to set up your notebook for 1/20/16 and take notes while you watch the the National Geographic Video “Alaska’s Last Oil” (these notes will be checked in an upcoming notebook check).

Instructions: On the TOP-right corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write your name, the class, the period, and the date. On the TOP-left corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write the name of this assignment "ANWR- Blog Assignment". This needs to be in the TOP margin at the top of the paper, not in the lined portion.

Part 1: Watch the National Geographic Video “Alaska’s Last Oil” and write a 1.5 to 2.0-page summary.



Part 2: Read the following Scientific American Article “The Arctic Oil & Wildlife Refuge” and write a 1.5 to 2.0-page summary.

The PDF is embedded in a frame below, if you would like to download the PDF, click the following link. --> The Arctic Oil & Wildlife Refuge




Part 3: Using the Internet, search for a reputable article that provides an update on the latest status of drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Write a one-paragraph summary of the article and provide a proper MLA citations below your paragraph.

XC Summary- Six of the World's Most Endangered Trees

http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/blogs/6-worlds-most-endangered-trees-also-look-strangest

Assignment: Read the article and write a one-page summary. XC 40 points

On the TOP-right corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write your name, the class, the period, and the date. On the TOP-left corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write the name of this assignment "Six of the Worlds Most Endangered Trees". This needs to be in the TOP margin at the top of the paper, not in the lined portion.

Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity- Blog Assignment

Assignment: Take notes while you are watching the videos and write after watching each clip or set clips. This approach will allow more time for you to reflect on the material, resulting in better summaries and syntheses. On the TOP-right corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write your name, the class, the period, and the date. On the TOP-left corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write the name of this assignment "Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity- Blog Assignment". This needs to be in the TOP margin at the top of the paper, not in the lined portion.

Due Friday November 20th

Remember, take notes while you are watching the videos and write after watching all of the clips.

1. Watch the video Make Better Seafood Choices - Seafood Watch and write a one- paragraph summary.



2. Watch the video Endangered Ocean: Sea Turtles and write a one-paragraph summary.



3. Watch the following videos about how seafood is caught and write a three-paragraph synthesis.

Long Lining



Gill Netting



Bottom Trawling



Traps



Purse Seining



Dredging



Dredging



Mid-water Trawl



4. Watch the video Fabulous Wetlands with Bill Nye The Science Guy (1989) and write a one-paragraph summary.



5. Watch the video What is an Estuary? and write a two-paragraph summary.



6. Watch the National Geographic video Divers Fight the Invasive Lionfish and write a one-paragraph summary.

Ocean Acidification, Bioaccumulation/Magnification & Eutrophication/Deadzones – Blog Assignment

Assignment: Take notes while you are watching the videos and write your summaries and syntheses after watching each clip or set clips. This approach will give you time to reflect on the material, resulting in better summaries and syntheses.

On the TOP-right corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write your name, the class, the period, and the date. On the TOP-left corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write the name of this assignment "Ocean Acidification, Bioaccumulation/magnification & Eutrophication/Deadzones – Blog Assignment". This needs to be in the TOP margin at the top of the paper, not in the lined portion.

Due Friday November 13th

Remember, take notes while you are watching the videos and write your summaries and syntheses after watching each clip or set clips.

1. Watch the following video about ocean acidification and write a one-page summary.



2. Watch the following two videos about bioaccumulation and biomagnification and write a three-paragraph synthesis.




3. Watch the following five videos about eutrophication, hypoxia/anoxia, and dead zones and write a three-paragraph synthesis.

XC Summary- Climate Change Threatens an Iconic Desert Tree

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/10/151028-joshua-tree-climate-change-mojave-desert/

Assignment: Read the article and write a one-page summary. XC 40 points

On the TOP-right corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write your name, the class, the period, and the date. On the TOP-left corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write the name of this assignment "Climate Change Threatens an Iconic Desert Tree". This needs to be in the TOP margin at the top of the paper, not in the lined portion.

Chapter 9 & 10 Video Extravaganza! – Blog Assignment

Assignment: For “Planet in Peril” write a one-page summary. For all other video clips write a one-paragraph summary for each video clip (7 paragraphs). Take notes while you are watching the videos and then write your summaries after watching each clip. On the TOP-right corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write your name, the class, the period, and the date. On the TOP-left corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write the name of this assignment "Chapter 9 & 10 Video Extravaganza! – Blog Assignment". This needs to be in the TOP margin at the top of the paper, not in the lined portion.

Due Friday November 6th

1. Watch “Planet in Peril”- CNN- Anderson Cooper from the beginning up to 1:02. Skip the Yellowstone section from 29:00 to 39:00 (you already watched this). Write a one-page summary.

2. Watch “PRI: How to save endangered species” and write a one-paragraph summary.

3. Watch “California Condors” and write a one-paragraph summary.

4. Watch “FSC® Certification to Protect Habitat for the Amur Tiger in the Russian Far East” and write a one-paragraph summary.

5. Watch “CNN Explains: Deforestation” and write a one-paragraph summary.

6. Watch “The Swedish Forestry Model: Environmental Atlas of Europe” and write a one-paragraph summary.

7. Watch “HOME - The Deforestation: Soybean, Palm Oil, Eucalyptus” and write a one-paragraph summary.

8. Watch “How Fighting Wildfires Makes Them Worse” and write a one-paragraph summary.

Trophic Cascades- Synthesis Essay

If you look up the definition of "synthesize" you will find that it is to "combine (a number of things) into a coherent whole." In contrast, a summary is meant to "give a brief statement of the main points of (something)." For this assignment, ensure you are synthesizing, not summarizing.  You will be weaving together information from different videos, literature, and articles into one piece of writing that covers all of the ideas and themes presented in the videos, literature, and articles. Therefore, instead of breaking down the main points of each video, article, piece of literature into separate paragraphs, find common themes and differences within the videos, literature, and articles and organize them into your synthesis.  It is a good idea to take notes first, then analyze your notes to determine the common themes to organize your thoughts, and then write your synthesis essay.

You are not required to use MLA citations for this assignment.  However keep in mind that the project at the end of the semester will require both synthesis and proper use of MLA style citations.

You will be synthesizing four different sources.  They are all embedded below.  

1) Video- “Planet in Peril”- CNN- Anderson Cooper.  Watch only the ten-minute segment from 29:34 to 39:04 (you will watch the rest during other chapters).
2) Video- “How Wolves Change Rivers”
3) Book Excerpt- Thinking Like a Mountain By Aldo Leopold   

4) Nature Article- Rethinking predators: Legend of the wolf 

On the TOP-right corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write your name, the class, the period, and the date. On the TOP-left corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write the name of this assignment "Trophic Cascades- Synthesis Essay". This needs to be in the TOP margin at the top of the paper, not in the lined portion.

Length Requirement: 1-2 pages; length is not as important as substance. 

Due Monday October 26th 

Evolution & Biodiversity- Blog Assignment

Part One- Watch the Galapagos Finch Evolution video and write a one to two page summary (front and back of a piece of loose-leaf paper; max). Your summary should summarize what you learned in the video. For the last paragraph of your summary I would like you to explain the weather event known as El Nino that is discussed in the video. To do this you will need to do some internet research. Anything that you learn from your research, that you include in your response, needs to be properly cited using the MLA format (I have included two links at the bottom of this post as resources to help you with MLA formatting). You do not need to cite anything from the video itself; just your El Nino internet research.  Also, be sure to include a reference list, in MLA format, at the end of your summary. 

Part Two- Watch the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity- Official Video and write a one to two page summary (Front and back of a piece of loose-leaf paper; max). Your summary should summarize what you learned in the video.

On the top-right corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write your name, the class, the period, and the date. On the top-left corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write the name of this assignment "Evolution & Biodiversity- Blog Assignment". This needs to be in the margin at the top of the paper, not in the lined portion. Due Friday October 2nd


Use the following resources: MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/2/
Son of a Citation Machine- MLA
http://www.citationmachine.net/mla/cite-a-website

Think Globally, Act Locally- Deforestation & The Hydrologic Cycle

Assignment: Watch the following video and write a one-page summary (Front side of a of piece of loose-leaf paper only). Your summary should summarize what you learned in the video and conclude by answering the prompt given at the end of the video. Your response to the prompt should be at least one paragraph. To answer the prompt you will need to do some internet research. Anything that you learn from your research, that you include in your response, needs to be properly cited using the MLA format (I have included two links below the video as resources to help you with MLA formatting). Also, be sure to include a reference list, in MLA format, on the back of your summary.
On the top-right corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write your name, the class, the period, and the date.  On the top-left corner write the name of this assignment "Think Globally, Act Locally- Deforestation & The Hydrologic Cycle- Blog Assignment".
Due Friday Sept. 25th

Use the following resources: MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/2/
Son of a Citation Machine- MLA
http://www.citationmachine.net/mla/cite-a-website

Jared Diamond: Why Societies Collapse- Blog Assignment

Assignment: Watch the following Ted Talk and write a one-page summary (Front side of a of piece of loose-leaf paper only). On the top-right corner of a piece of loose-leaf paper write your name, the class, the period, and the date. On the top-left corner write the name of this assignment "Jared Diamond: Why Societies Collapse- Blog Assignment".
Due Friday Sept. 11th

Tragedy of the Commons

In December 1968, a scientist by the name of Dr. Garrett Harden coined the concept called the “Tragedy of the Commons” in his article of the same name published by Science Magazine. “The Tragedy of the Commons” is a problem that occurs when a resource –such as the ocean, water, and air- is open to everyone. The following video clips will help you apply your experience from today's "Happy Fishing" activity to the concept of “Tragedy of the Commons”. The goal of this blog assignment is to help you understand the difficulties associated with managing shared resources.

Assignment: Watch the following video clips and write a one-paragraph (minimum) summary for each clip (Chalk Talk 1 & 2 count as one clip; so, three paragraphs total). On the top-right corner of a piece of looseleaf paper write your name, the class, the period, and the date. On the top-left corner write the name of this assignment "Tragedy of the Commons- Blog Assignment". Due Friday Sept. 4th



This video sometimes takes a while to load, but it works.


Bonus- 4th Video Clip & One-Paragraph Summary- 10 points XC- This video suggests an interesting viewpoint.

Using Camera Traps to Protect Big Cats and Their Habitat

Biological conservation researchers have increasingly found camera traps to be a useful tool in collecting data on elusive species of interest.  A camera trap is not a physical trap; rather it is a camera set up, usually on a tree in a remote area where a species of interest is believed to exist.  Animal body heat activates an infrared sensor that triggers the camera to take a picture of the animal when it is near (WWF Camera Traps, 2015).   Members of Felidae, the cat family, are a particularly troublesome group of animals on which to collect data.  This is due to an interplay of factors such as large home range, mysterious behavior, and low population density to name a few (Silver et al., 2004).  The World Wildlife fund reports that camera traps have been used in Indonesia to gain a greater understanding of tigers; their behavior and specific threats to their survival as a species (WWF Camera Traps, 2015).   Watch the embedded YouTube-World Wildlife Fund video clips below to get an idea of the type of footage that camera traps have captured.

In 2013 biological researchers Maputla, Chimimba, & Ferreira used camera traps to conduct a mark recapture population survey of the leopard population in Kruger National Park, South Africa.  These researchers cited that camera traps were appropriate for surveying leopards because of their mysterious and independent behaviors, which make them hard to find (Maputla, Chimimba, & Ferreira, 2013).  Using camera traps, the team estimated that there were nineteen leopards within a 150 km²  area of Kruger National Park (Maputla, Chimimba, & Ferreira, 2013).  Maputla, Chimimba, Ferreira (2013) discussed several challenges to the precision of their population estimates using camera traps; resulting in “unequal catchability”.  Some of these challenges were: the cameras were too far apart and the camera placements were biased to preferred paths of male leopards Park (Maputla, Chimimba, & Ferreira, 2013).  Finally, Maputla, Chimimba, Ferreira (2013) stated that similar research on tigers suggest that they had the inclination to avoid the camera locations. 

Another team of researchers, Silver, Ostro, Marsh, Maffei, Noss, Kelly, & Ayala (2004) used camera traps to conduct a mark recapture abundance estimation of populations of jaguars in the forest of Belize and Bolivia.  Using camera traps, the Silver et al research team (2004) was able to estimate population densities of jaguars in these areas to be between 2.4 and 8.8 per 100 km².   Silver et al explain that using camera traps for estimating population density provides precious data that conservation managers can use to make decisions pertaining to minimum viable population sizes and habitat/range estimates that can be used to support and justify conservation arguments in efforts to allot more protected areas for Jaguars (Silver et al., 2004). 

Jaguar roves near Rosemont mine site; Arizona Daily Star (Davis, 2013) 

A topic of interest to me is environmental degradation due to mining for sulfide oar.  Camera traps are being used to provide justification for protecting wilderness in the Santa Rita Mountains southeast of Tucson, Arizona.  This is the location of a proposed Rosemont Copper Mine site.  In 2013 Tony Davis of the Arizona Daily Star reported that camera traps, set up by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, took five photos of a Jaguar roaming in an that has been federally proposed as critical habitat for the endangered jaguar (Davis, 2013).  The photos provide evidence of the existence of this endangered species and help to propel the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s argument that the Rosemont Copper Mine site is “likely to adversely affect the jaguar” (Davis, 2013). Camera Traps have great potential to provide invaluable data and indisputable evidence to justify protection of big cats and their habitat.  

References

WWF Camera Traps. (2015). Retrieved February 19, 2015, from http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/species/camera_traps/

Maputla, N. W., Chimimba, C. T., & Ferreira, S. M. (2013). Calibrating a camera trap-based biased mark-recapture sampling design to survey the leopard population in the N'wanetsi concession, Kruger National Park, South Africa. African Journal Of Ecology, 51(3), 422-430. doi:10.1111/aje.12047

Silver, S., Ostro, L., Marsh, L., Maffei, L., Noss, A., Kelly, M., & ... Ayala, G. (2004). The use of camera traps for estimating jaguar Panthera onca abundance and density using capture/recapture analysis. Oryx, 38(2), 148-154.

Davis, T (2013) Jaguar roves near Rosemont mine site. (2013, June 28). Retrieved February 19, 2015, from http://m.tucson.com/news/science/environment/jaguar-roves-near-rosemont-mine-site/article_e8573513-b55b-553e-934c-e8951555f14e.html?mobile_touch=true

Example Blog Post with MLA In-Text Citations- Electronic Sources (Web Publications)

Global Warming's Canary in the Coal Mine 

In the early days of deep coal mining, miners would take a caged bird, often a Canary, into the tunnels with them.  Wiktionary explains the reasoning behind this:  "If dangerous gases such as methane or carbon monoxide leaked into the mine, the gases would kill the canary before killing the miners, thus providing a warning to exit the tunnels immediately." Furthermore, when people use the phrase "the canary in the coal mine" they are suggesting "something which warns of the coming of greater danger or trouble by a deterioration in its health or welfare".  ("canary in a coal mine ")  When it comes to global climate change, glaciers serve as a “canary in the coal mine” or in other words an indicator that global climate change is occurring.  

Figure 1 (Kirby).  The graph above shows the direct correlation between atmospheric carbon dioxide and the increase in global average temperature.   It is widely accepted that the increase in carbon dioxide emissions due to human activity is causing the global average temperature increase.

Glaciers, the world’s frozen reservoirs of water, are shrinking.  The basic concept is that as the Earth’s temperature continues to increase, due increased human produced greenhouse gas emissions (see Figure 1), the glaciers melt faster than they can accumulate water, ice, and snow.  The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) contends that: “The volume of ice in a glacier and correspondingly its surface area, thickness, and length is determined by the balance between inputs (accumulation of snow and ice) and outputs (melting and calving)” (“Early Warning Signs”).  How much are the world’s glaciers shrinking?  The UCS's online article provides this example: “Since 1850 the glaciers of the European Alps have lost about 30 to 40% of their surface area and about half of their volume.” (“Early Warning Signs”). 

Photo: High in the Andes Mountains of South America lies the glacier filled mountain Taulliraju in Huascarán National Park in Peru. (Ederer)

--> Authors Stella Joy and Tara Joy state in their online article “Protecting and Sustaining the Global Fresh Water Cycle” of all the surface water on Earth “only 3% of it is fresh water”.   The article continues of the “3% (of Earth’s fresh water) 2% is found in ice caps and glaciers and 1% in underground sources, rivers, streams, lakes and the atmosphere.  (Joy, and Joy)  Glacial melt water, turns into surface run off which feeds the streams and rivers that flow downslope through mountain valleys and eventually to lakes and reservoirs that provide freshwater sources for large populations.  Glaciers in mountain ranges around the world serve as sources of fresh water for millions of people in their respective geographic regions.  Authors Joy and Joy summarize: 

“Mountain regions cover approximately 25% of the Earths’ land surface and source between 60% and 80% of Earths’ fresh water. All of Earths rivers have their headwaters and origins in them. They are also known as the ‘Water Towers’ of the world. They provide critical storage of fresh water in the form of glaciers, ice and snow. Many streams and rivers would cease to flow entirely if their headwaters and watersheds were not fed by the seasonal melting of these snows. Such valuable storage of fresh water is vital for all life on Earth. However nowadays glaciers and mountain snows are retreating, shrinking and thinning rapidly in all regions of world, threatening the fresh water and food supply for all.”  (Joy, and Joy)  

The fact that the Earth's glaciers are shrinking surely "warns of the coming of greater danger or trouble".  ("canary in a coal mine ")  That trouble or danger is the threat of losing the source of 60% of the Earth's fresh water supply.  Currently, there are a handful of organizations that are dedicated to research, conservation, and awareness of the condition of the remaining mountain glaciers.  One such organization is the American Climber Science Program (ACSP).  Because mountainous regions, particularly glaciers, can be treacherous, the ACSP combines groups of experienced mountain climbers with climate scientists for a series of annual research expeditions.  As it is stated on the American Climber Science Program webpage, “The ACSP works to link scientists and climbers to help provide the knowledge necessary to preserve the alpine environment.”  ("Empowering Climber Scientists")  More information on the American Climber Science Program (ACSP) can be accessed on their webpage:

https://americanalpineclub.org/p/climber-scientists

or 

http://climberscience.wordpress.com/ 

American Climber Science Program (ACSP)
("Empowering Climber Scientists")

References

"canary in a coal mine ." http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/canary_in_a_coal_mine. Wiktionary, 31 Mar 2013. Web. 28 May 2013. <http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/canary_in_a_coal_mine>. 

Kirby, Alex, and . Is Global Warming Cooler than Expected? . 2013. Photograph. Scientific AmericanWeb. 28 May 2013. <http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=is-global-warming-cooler-than-expected>. 

Joy, Stella, and Tara Joy. "Fresh Water & Forest Report- Protecting and Sustaining the Global Fresh Water Cycle." Active Remedy. Web. 28 May 2013. <http://activeremedy.org.uk/pages/?s=watercycle_paper>.

“Early Warning Signs of Global Warming: Glaciers Melting.” Union of Concerned Scientists: Citizens and Scientists for Environmental Solutions.  Union of Concerned Scientists, 10 Nov 2003.  Web.  23 May 2013. 

Ederer, Florian. Taulliraju. 2006. Photograph. wikimedia.orgWeb. 23 May 2013. <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taulliraju.JPG>. 
 

"Empowering Climber Scientists- Conservation and Advocacy." American Alpine Club. American Alpine Club. Web. 28 May 2013. <https://americanalpineclub.org/p/climber-scientists>.

 

Use the following resources:

MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics 

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/2/

Son of Citation

http://citationmachine.net/index2.php?reqstyleid=1&mode=form&rsid=6&reqsrcid=MLAWebDocument&more=yes&nameCnt=1